Qiblah القبلة

al-Azhar University

July 16th, 2005

Translation of the Ruling of the President of the Honorable al-‘Azhar University, Dr.^Abdul-Fattah al-Husayniyy ash-Shaykh

In the name of Allah, the Merciful to the believers and non-believers in this world, the Merciful to the believers only in the next world

University of al-‘Azhar
Office of the President of the University

Mr. Muhammad Hammadi

As-Salamu ^alaykum wa rahmatullah wa barakatuh

Thereafter, in reference to the request that was sent to us in which you requested guiding you to the correct direction of al-Qiblah in the city of Montreal,

Kindly note that your request was transferred to Dr. Jamal-ud–Din Al-Fandi Professor of Astronomy and member of the Islamic Research Convention, and he advised us with the following

1. The mathematical formulas for the triangular spherical computations are all sound.

2. The application that appeared in your request is wrong, since it was necessary to subtract the resulting figure from 180 degrees in compliance with the mathematical rules.

3. The reasoning shown in your request in scientifically wrong and is discarded. Accordingly, the direction of al-Qiblah in the city of Montreal is at an angle of 180 degrees minus 58 degrees, which is 122 degrees from due north, and it is southeast.

Please accept ample salutations and as-salamu alaykum wa rahmatullah wa barakatuh.

President of al-‘Azhar University

A.D. Abdul-Fattah 1413 AH
Dated 9/9/92
SRLNO of letter 859
8 September 1992 RC

Entry Filed under: Appendix 2